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Technician Q&A Sub Elements
T1: COMMISSION’S RULES

T1A
T1B
T1C
T1D
T1E
T1F

T2: OPERATING PROCEDURES

T2A

T2B

T2C

T3: RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

T3A

T3B

T3C

T4: AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES

T4A

T4B

T5: ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES

T5A

T5B

T5C

T5D

T6: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

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T7: PRACTICAL CIRCUITS

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T8: SIGNALS AND EMISSIONS

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T9: ANTENNAS AND FEEDLINES

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T0: SAFETY

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2022-2026 Technician Class
Questions & Answers

NAVIGATION WINDOW

SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions


T1A – Purpose and permissible use of the Amateur Radio Service; Operator/primary station license grant; Meanings of basic terms used in FCC rules; Interference; RACES rules; Phonetics; Frequency Coordinator

T1B – Frequency allocations; Emission modes; Spectrum sharing; Transmissions near band edges; Contacting the International Space Station; Power output


T1C – Licensing: classes, sequential and vanity call sign systems, places where the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC, name and address on FCC license database, term, renewal, grace period, maintaining mailing address; International communications


T1D – Authorized and prohibited transmissions: communications with other countries, music, exchange of information with other services, indecent language, compensation for operating, retransmission of other amateur signals, encryption, sale of equipment, unidentified transmissions, one-way transmission


T1E – Control operator: eligibility, designating, privileges, duties, location, required; Control point; Control types: automatic, remote


T1F – Station identification; Repeaters; Third party communications; Club stations; FCC inspection

SUB ELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1A – Purpose and permissible use of the Amateur Radio Service; Operator/primary station license grant; Meanings of basic terms used in FCC rules; Interference; RACES rules; Phonetics; Frequency Coordinator


T1A01 [97.1]
Which of the following is part of the Basis and Purpose of the Amateur Radio Service?

A. Providing personal radio communications for as many citizens as possible
B. Providing communications for international non-profit organizations
C. Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art
D. All these choices are correct

The correct answer to the question is:

C. Advancing skills in the technical and communication phases of the radio art


T1A02 [97.1]
Which agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?

A. FEMA
B. Homeland Security
C. The FCC
D. All these choices are correct

C. The FCC (Federal Communications Commission)

The FCC is responsible for regulating and overseeing the rules and regulations related to the Amateur Radio Service in the United States.


T1A03 [97.119(b)(2)]
What do the FCC rules state regarding the use of a phonetic alphabet for station identification in the Amateur Radio Service?

A. It is required when transmitting emergency messages
B. It is encouraged
C. It is required when in contact with foreign stations
D. All these choices are correct

B. It is encouraged

While it is not required by the FCC rules, using a phonetic alphabet for station identification is strongly encouraged in the Amateur Radio Service to ensure clear and accurate communication.


T1A04 [97.5(b)(1)]
How many operator/primary station license grants may be held by any one person?

A. One
B. No more than two
C. One for each band on which the person plans to operate
D. One for each permanent station location from which the person plans to operate

According to FCC rules, the number of operator/primary station license grants that may be held by any one person is:

A. One

Each person is generally limited to holding one operator/primary station license grant.


T1A05 [97.7]
What proves that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant?

A. A printed copy of the certificate of successful completion of examination
B. An email notification from the NCVEC granting the license
C. The license appears in the FCC ULS database
D. All these choices are correct

The proof that the FCC has issued an operator/primary license grant is:

C. The license appears in the FCC ULS database

When the license appears in the FCC Universal Licensing System (ULS) database, it serves as the official confirmation that the FCC has issued the license grant.


T1A06 [97.3(a)(9)]
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon?

A. A government transmitter marking the amateur radio band edges
B. A bulletin sent by the FCC to announce a national emergency
C. A continuous transmission of weather information authorized in the amateur bands by the National Weather Service
D. An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities

The FCC Part 97 definition of a beacon is:

D. An amateur station transmitting communications for the purposes of observing propagation or related experimental activities

Beacons are used by amateur radio operators to observe propagation or conduct related experimental activities in the amateur bands.


T1A07 [97.3(a)(41)]
What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?

A. Any satellite orbiting Earth
B. A manned satellite orbiting Earth
C. An amateur station located more than 50 km above Earth’s surface
D. An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals

The FCC Part 97 definition of a space station is:

D. An amateur station using amateur radio satellites for relay of signals

In amateur radio, a space station refers to an amateur station that utilizes amateur radio satellites for the relay of signals.


T1A08 [97.3(a)(22)]
Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?

A. Frequency Spectrum Manager appointed by the FCC
B. Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs
C. FCC Regional Field Office
D. International Telecommunication Union

The entity that recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations is:

B. Volunteer Frequency Coordinator recognized by local amateurs

Volunteer Frequency Coordinators, who are recognized by local amateur radio communities, play a crucial role in recommending transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations.


T1A09 [97.3(a)(22)]
Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?

A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy
B. The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators
C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations
D. FCC Regional Field Office

The entity that selects a Frequency Coordinator is:

C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations

Amateur operators in a local or regional area, whose stations are eligible to be repeater or auxiliary stations, are the ones who select a Frequency Coordinator for their area.


T1A10 [97.3(a)(38), 97.407]
What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES)?

A. A radio service using amateur frequencies for emergency management or civil defense communications
B. A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications
C. An emergency service using amateur operators certified by a civil defense organization as being enrolled in that organization
D. All these choices are correct

The Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) is defined as:

D. All these choices are correct


T1A11 [97.101 (d)]
When is willful interference to other amateur radio stations permitted?

A. To stop another amateur station that is breaking the FCC rules
B. At no time
C. When making short test transmissions
D. At any time, stations in the Amateur Radio Service are not protected from willful interference

The correct answer regarding when willful interference to other amateur radio stations is permitted is:

B. At no time

Willful interference to other amateur radio stations is not permitted at any time. It is important for amateur radio operators to conduct themselves ethically and follow the rules and regulations set by the FCC to ensure fair and respectful communication within the Amateur Radio Service.

Technician Q&A

SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1B – Frequency allocations; Emission modes; Spectrum sharing; Transmissions near band edges; Contacting the International Space Station; Power output


T1B01 [97.301 (e)]
Which of the following frequency ranges are available for phone operation by Technician licensees?

A. 28.050 MHz to 28.150 MHz
B. 28.100 MHz to 28.300 MHz
C. 28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz
D. 28.500 MHz to 28.600 MHz

Technician licensees have limited frequency privileges for phone operation according to the FCC rules. The correct answer to the question is:

C. 28.300 MHz to 28.500 MHz

This frequency range is available for phone operation by Technician licensees.


T1B02 [97.301, 97.207(c)]
Which amateurs may contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands?

A. Any amateur holding a General class or higher license
B. Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license
C. Any amateur holding a General class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA
D. Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license who has applied for and received approval from NASA

To contact the International Space Station (ISS) on VHF bands, the following applies:

B. Any amateur holding a Technician class or higher license

Amateurs holding a Technician class license or higher are allowed to contact the ISS on VHF bands without needing NASA approval.


T1B03 [97.301(a)]
Which frequency is in the 6 meter amateur band?

A. 49.00 MHz
B. 52.525 MHz
C. 28.50 MHz
D. 222.15 MHz

The frequency that is in the 6 meter amateur band is:

B. 52.525 MHz

The 6 meter amateur band includes frequencies around 50 MHz, and 52.525 MHz falls within this range.


T1B04 [97.301(a)]
Which amateur band includes 146.52 MHz?

A. 6 meters
B. 20 meters
C. 70 centimeters
D. 2 meters

The amateur band that includes 146.52 MHz is:

D. 2 meters


T1B05 [97.305(c)]
How may amateurs use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of 1.25 meter band?

A. Spread spectrum only
B. Fast-scan television only
C. Emergency traffic only
D. Fixed digital message forwarding systems only

Amateurs can use the 219 to 220 MHz segment of the 1.25 meter band for:

D. Fixed digital message forwarding systems only


T1B06 [97.301(e), 97.305]
On which HF bands does a Technician class operator have phone privileges?

A. None
B. 10 meter band only
C. 80 meter, 40 meter, 15 meter, and 10 meter bands
D. 30 meter band only

A Technician class operator has phone privileges on the following HF bands:

B. 10 meter band only


T1B07 [97.305(a), (c)]
Which of the following VHF/UHF band segments are limited to CW only?

A. 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz
B. 219 MHz to 220 MHz and 420.0 MHz to 420.1 MHz
C. 902.0 MHz to 902.1 MHz
D. All these choices are correct

The VHF/UHF band segments limited to CW only are:

  • A. 50.0 MHz to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 MHz to 144.1 MHz

T1B08 [97.303]
How are US amateurs restricted in segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary?

A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them
B. U.S. amateurs must give foreign amateur stations priority in those segments
C. International communications are not permitted in those segments
D. Digital transmissions are not permitted in those segments

In segments of bands where the Amateur Radio Service is secondary, US amateurs are restricted as follows:

  • A. U.S. amateurs may find non-amateur stations in those segments, and must avoid interfering with them

T1B09 [97.101(a), 97.301(a-e)]
Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?

A. To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display
B. So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge
C. To allow for transmitter frequency drift
D. All these choices are correct

Setting your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band is not recommended for the following reasons:


T1B10 [97.305(c)]
Where may SSB phone be used in amateur bands above 50 MHz?

A. Only in sub-bands allocated to General class or higher licensees
B. Only on repeaters
C. In at least some segment of all these bands
D. On any band if the power is limited to 25 watts

In amateur bands above 50 MHz, SSB phone can be used in the following manner:

  • C. In at least some segment of all these bands

T1B11 [97.313]
What is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments?

A. 200 watts
B. 100 watts
C. 50 watts
D. 10 watts

The maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators in their HF band segments is:

  • A. 200 watts

T1B12 [97.313(b)]
Except for some specific restrictions, what is the maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz?

A. 50 watts
B. 100 watts
C. 500 watts
D. 1500 watts

The maximum peak envelope power output for Technician class operators using frequencies above 30 MHz, except for some specific restrictions, is:

  • D. 1500 watts
SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1C – Licensing: classes, sequential and vanity call sign systems, places where the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC, name and address on FCC license database, term, renewal, grace period, maintaining mailing address; International communications


T1C01 [97.9(a), 97.17(a)]
For which license classes are new licenses currently available from the FCC?

A. Novice, Technician, General, Amateur Extra
B. Technician, Technician Plus, General, Amateur Extra
C. Novice, Technician Plus, General, Advanced
D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra

For new licenses currently available from the FCC, they are offered for the following license classes:

  • D. Technician, General, Amateur Extra

T1C02 [97.19]
Who may select a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules?

A. Only a licensed amateur with a General or Amateur Extra Class license
B. Only a licensed amateur with an Amateur Extra Class license
C. Only a licensed amateur who has been licensed continuously for more than 10 years
D. Any licensed amateur

The following information pertains to selecting a desired call sign under the vanity call sign rules:

  • D. Any licensed amateur

T1C03 [97.117]
What types of international communications are an FCC-licensed amateur radio station permitted to make?

A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character
B. Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature
C. Only communications incidental to contest exchanges; all other communications are prohibited
D. Any communications that would be permitted by an international broadcast station

The types of international communications that an FCC-licensed amateur radio station is permitted to make include:

  • A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the Amateur Radio Service and remarks of a personal character

T1C04 [97.23]
What may happen if the FCC is unable to reach you by email?

A. Fine and suspension of operator license
B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license
C. Revocation of access to the license record in the FCC system
D. Nothing; there is no such requirement

If the FCC is unable to reach you by email, the following consequences may occur:

  • B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license

T1C05

Which of the following is a valid Technician class call sign format?

A. KF1XXX
B. KA1X
C. W1XX
D. All these choices are correct

A valid Technician class call sign format is:

  • A. KF1XXX

T1C06 [97.5(a)(2)]
From which of the following locations may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit?

A. From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunication Union
B. From within any country that is a member of the United Nations
C. From anywhere within International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Regions 2 and 3
D. From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States

From the following locations, an FCC-licensed amateur station may transmit:


T1C07 [97.23]
Which of the following can result in revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license?

A. Failure to inform the FCC of any changes in the amateur station following performance of an RF safety environmental evaluation
B. Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC
C. Failure to obtain FCC type acceptance prior to using a home-built transmitter
D. Failure to have a copy of your license available at your station

Failure to provide and maintain a correct email address with the FCC can result in:

  • B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license

T1C08 [97.25]
What is the normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license?

A. Five years
B. Life
C. Ten years
D. Eight years

The normal term for an FCC-issued amateur radio license is:

  • C. Ten years

T1C09 [97.21(a)(b)]
What is the grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires?

A. Two years
B. Three years
C. Five years
D. Ten years

The grace period for renewal if an amateur license expires is:

  • A. Two years

T1C10 [97.5a]
How soon after passing the examination for your first amateur radio license may you transmit on the amateur radio bands?

A. Immediately on receiving your Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination (CSCE)
B. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears on the ARRL website
C. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database
D. As soon as you receive your license in the mail from the FCC

After passing the examination for your first amateur radio license, you may transmit on the amateur radio bands:

  • C. As soon as your operator/station license grant appears in the FCC’s license database

T1C11 [97.21(b)]
If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands?

A. Yes, for up to two years
B. Yes, as soon as you apply for renewal
C. Yes, for up to one year
D. No, you must wait until the license has been renewed

If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, you may continue to transmit on the amateur radio bands:

  • D. No, you must wait until the license has been renewed
SUBELEMENT T1D – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1D – Authorized and prohibited transmissions: communications with other countries, music, exchange of information with other services, indecent language, compensation for operating, retransmission of other amateur signals, encryption, sale of equipment, unidentified transmissions, one-way transmission.


T1D01 [97.111(a)(1)]
With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur radio stations prohibited from exchanging communications?

A. Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications
B. Any country whose administration has notified the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) that it objects to such communications
C. Any country banned from such communications by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU)
D. Any country banned from making such communications by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)

FCC-licensed amateur radio stations are prohibited from exchanging communications with:

  • A. Any country whose administration has notified the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) that it objects to such communications

T1D02 [97.113(b), 97.111(b)]
Under which of the following circumstances are one-way transmissions by an amateur station prohibited?

A. In all circumstances
B. Broadcasting
C. International Morse Code Practice
D. Telecommand or transmissions of telemetry

One-way transmissions by an amateur station are prohibited under the following circumstance:

  • B. Broadcasting

T1D03 [97.211(b), 97.215(b), 97.113(a)(4)]
When is it permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning?

A. Only during contests
B. Only when transmitting certain approved digital codes
C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft
D. Never

It is permissible to transmit messages encoded to obscure their meaning:

  • C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft

T1D04 [97.113(a)(4), 97.113(c)]
Under what conditions is an amateur station authorized to transmit music using a phone emission?

A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications
B. When the music produces no spurious emissions
C. When transmissions are limited to less than three minutes per hour
D. When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz

An amateur station is authorized to transmit music using a phone emission under the following condition:


T1D05 [97.113(a)(3)(ii)]
When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?

A. Never
B. When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee, or the control operator, or their close relatives
C. When no profit is made on the sale
D. When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis

Amateur radio operators may use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade:

  • D. When selling amateur radio equipment and not on a regular basis

T1D06 [97.113(a)(4)]
What, if any, are the restrictions concerning transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene?

A. The FCC maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies
B. Any such language is prohibited
C. The ITU maintains a list of words that are not permitted to be used on amateur frequencies
D. There is no such prohibition

The restrictions concerning the transmission of language that may be considered indecent or obscene are:

  • B. Any such language is prohibited

T1D07 [97.113(d)]
What types of amateur stations can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations?

A. Auxiliary, beacon, or Earth stations
B. Earth, repeater, or space stations
C. Beacon, repeater, or space stations
D. Repeater, auxiliary, or space stations

Amateur stations that can automatically retransmit the signals of other amateur stations are:


T1D08 [97.113(a)(3)(iii)]
In which of the following circumstances may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating that station?

A. When the communication is related to the sale of amateur equipment by the control operator’s employer
B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution
C. When the communication is made to obtain emergency information for a local broadcast station
D. All these choices are correct

The circumstances in which the control operator of an amateur station may receive compensation for operating that station are:


T1D09 [97.113(5)(b)]
When may amateur stations transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?

A. When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property
B. When broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle
C. Where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network
D. Never

Amateur stations may transmit information in support of broadcasting, program production, or news gathering when:

  • A. When such communications are directly related to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property

This is allowed assuming no other means of communication are available.


T1D10 [97.3(a)(10)]
How does the FCC define broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service?

A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations
B. Any transmission made by the licensed station
C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators
D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public

The FCC defines broadcasting for the Amateur Radio Service as:

  • D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public

This definition distinguishes amateur radio from broadcasting, which is intended for the general public.


T1D11 [97.119(a)]
When may an amateur station transmit without identifying on the air?

A. When the transmissions are of a brief nature to make station adjustments
B. When the transmissions are unmodulated
C. When the transmitted power level is below 1 watt
D. When transmitting signals to control model craft

An amateur station may transmit without identifying on the air when:

This exception allows for the control of model craft without the need for identification during the transmission.

SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1E – Control operator: eligibility, designating, privileges, duties, location, required; Control point; Control types: automatic, remote


T1E01 [97.7(a)]
When may an amateur station transmit without a control operator?

A. When using automatic control, such as in the case of a repeater
B. When the station licensee is away and another licensed amateur is using the station
C. When the transmitting station is an auxiliary station
D. Never

The correct answer is D. Never. An amateur station should never transmit without a control operator to ensure proper operation and adherence to regulations.


T1E02 [97.301, 97.207(c)]
Who may be the control operator of a station communicating through an amateur satellite or space station?

A. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator
B. A General class or higher licensee with a satellite operator certification
C. Only an Amateur Extra Class operator who is also an AMSAT member
D. Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency

The correct answer is D. Any amateur allowed to transmit on the satellite uplink frequency. This allows a broader range of amateur radio operators to communicate through amateur satellites or space stations.


T1E03 [97.103(b)]Who must designate the station control operator?
A. The station licensee
B. The FCC
C. The frequency coordinator
D. Any licensed operator

The correct answer is A. The station licensee must designate the station control operator in accordance with FCC regulations for amateur radio operation.


T1E04 [97.103(b)]
What determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station?

A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator
B. The frequencies printed on the license grant
C. The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises
D. The class of operator license held by the control operator

The correct answer is D. The class of operator license held by the control operator determines the transmitting frequency privileges of an amateur station.


T1E05 [97.3(a)(14)]
What is an amateur station’s control point?

A. The location of the station’s transmitting antenna
B. The location of the station’s transmitting apparatus
C. The location at which the control operator function is performed
D. The mailing address of the station licensee

The correct answer is C. The location at which the control operator function is performed is considered an amateur station’s control point as defined in FCC regulations.


T1E06 [97.301]
When, under normal circumstances, may a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment?

A. At no time
B. When designated as the control operator by an Amateur Extra Class licensee
C. As part of a multi-operator contest team
D. When using a club station whose trustee holds an Amateur Extra Class license

The correct answer is A. At no time can a Technician class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an Amateur Extra Class band segment under normal circumstances.


T1E07 [97.103(a)]
When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?

A. All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation
B. Only the station licensee
C. Only the control operator
D. The control operator and the station licensee

The correct answer is D. The control operator and the station licensee are both responsible for the proper operation of the station when the control operator is not the station licensee.


T1E08 [97.3(a)(6), 97.205(d)]
Which of the following is an example of automatic control?

A. Repeater operation
B. Controlling a station over the internet
C. Using a computer or other device to send CW automatically
D. Using a computer or other device to identify automatically

The correct answer is A. Repeater operation is an example of automatic control in amateur radio operations.


T1E09 [97.109(c)]
Which of the following are required for remote control operation?

A. The control operator must be at the control point
B. A control operator is required at all times
C. The control operator must indirectly manipulate the controls
D. All these choices are correct

The correct answer is D. All these choices are correct for remote control operation in amateur radio.


T1E10 [97.3(a)(39)]
Which of the following is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97?

A. Repeater operation
B. Operating the station over the internet
C. Controlling a model aircraft, boat, or car by amateur radio
D. All these choices are correct

The correct answer is B. Operating the station over the internet is an example of remote control as defined in Part 97 of amateur radio regulations.


T1E11 [97.103(a)]
Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?

A. The station custodian
B. The third party participant
C. The person operating the station equipment
D. The station licensee

The FCC presumes D. The station licensee to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records.

SUBELEMENT T1 – COMMISSION’S RULES – COMMISSION’S RULES – [6 Exam Questions – 6 Groups] 67 Questions

T1F – Station identification; Repeaters; Third party communications; Club stations; FCC inspection


T1F01 [97.103(c)]
When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?

A. At any time ten days after notification by the FCC of such an inspection
B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative
C. At any time after written notification by the FCC of such inspection
D. Only when presented with a valid warrant by an FCC official or government agent

The correct answer to the question “When must the station and its records be available for FCC inspection?” according to T1F01 (B) [97.103(c)] is:

  • B. At any time upon request by an FCC representative

T1F02 [97.119 (a)]How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?
A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient
B. Once during every hour
C. At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication
D. At the end of every transmission

The correct answer to the question “How often must you identify with your FCC-assigned call sign when using tactical call signs such as “Race Headquarters”?” according to T1F02 (C) [97.119 (a)] is:

  • C. At the end of each communication and every ten minutes during a communication

T1F03 [97.119(a)]
When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?

A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter
B. At least once during each transmission
C. At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a communication
D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication

The correct answer to the question “When are you required to transmit your assigned call sign?” according to T1F03 (D) [97.119(a)] is:

  • D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a communication

T1F04 [97.119(b)(2)]
What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band?

A. Any language recognized by the United Nations
B. Any language recognized by the ITU
C. English
D. English, French, or Spanish

The correct answer to the question “What language may you use for identification when operating in a phone sub-band?” according to T1F04 (C) [97.119(b)(2)] is:


T1F05 [97.119(b)(2)]
What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?

A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT
B. Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission
C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R
D. Send the call sign using only a phone emission

The correct answer to the question “What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?” according to T1F05 (B) [97.119(b)(2)] is:

  • B. Send the call sign using a CW or phone emission

T1F06 [97.119(c)]
Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?

A. KL7CC stroke W3
B. KL7CC slant W3
C. KL7CC slash W3
D. All these choices are correct

The correct answer to the question “Which of the following self-assigned indicators are acceptable when using a phone transmission?” according to T1F06 (D) [97.119(c)] is:

  • D. All these choices are correct

T1F07 [97.115(a)(2)]
Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator?

A. The person must be a U.S. citizen
B. The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third party agreement
C. The licensed control operator must do the station identification
D. All these choices are correct

The correct answer to the question “Which of the following restrictions apply when a non-licensed person is allowed to speak to a foreign station using a station under the control of a licensed amateur operator?” according to T1F07 (B) [97.115(a)(2)] is:

  • B. The foreign station must be in a country with which the U.S. has a third party agreement

T1F08 [97.3(a)(47)]
What is the definition of third party communications?

A. A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person
B. Amateur radio communications where three stations are in communications with one another
C. Operation when the transmitting equipment is licensed to a person other than the control operator
D. Temporary authorization for an unlicensed person to transmit on the amateur bands for technical experiments

The definition of third party communications according to T1F08 (A) [97.3(a)(47)] is:

  • A. A message from a control operator to another amateur station control operator on behalf of another person

T1F09 (C) [97.3(a)(40)]
What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?

A. Beacon station
B. Earth station
C. Repeater station

The type of amateur station that simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels, according to T1F09 (C) [97.3(a)(40)], is:

  • C. Repeater station

T1F10 [97.205(g)]
Who is accountable if a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate the FCC rules?

A. The control operator of the originating station
B. The control operator of the repeater
C. The owner of the repeater
D. Both the originating station and the repeater owner

In the scenario where a repeater inadvertently retransmits communications that violate FCC rules, according to T1F10 (A) [97.205(g)], the accountability lies with:

  • A. The control operator of the originating station

T1F11 [97.5(b)(2)]
Which of the following is a requirement for the issuance of a club station license grant?

A. The trustee must have an Amateur Extra Class operator license grant
B. The club must have at least four members
C. The club must be registered with the American Radio Relay League
D. All these choices are correct

In order to obtain a club station license grant, as per T1F11 (B) [97.5(b)(2)], the requirement is:

  • B. The club must have at least four members
SUBELEMENT T2 – Safety – [3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] 36 Questions

T2A – Station operation: choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions; Band plans: calling frequencies, repeater offsets


T2A01

What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band?

A. Plus or minus 5 MHz
B. Plus or minus 600 kHz
C. Plus or minus 500 kHz
D. Plus or minus 1 MHz

The correct answer for the T2A01 (B) In the 2-meter band, a common repeater frequency offset is Plus or minus 600 kHz.


T2A02

What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band?

A. 146.520 MHz
B. 145.000 MHz
C. 432.100 MHz
D. 446.000 MHz

 A. 146.520 MHz. The national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 2 meter band is 146.520 MHz. This frequency is widely used by amateur radio operators for making initial contact before moving to another frequency for their conversation.


T2A03

What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band?

A. Plus or minus 5 MHz
B. Plus or minus 600 kHz
C. Plus or minus 500 kHz
D. Plus or minus 1 MHz

B. – A common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band is B. Plus or minus 600 kHz. This offset is frequently used to separate the repeater’s transmit frequency from its receive frequency to avoid interference between the two signals.



T2A04

What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station’s call sign?

A. Say “break, break,” then say the station’s call sign
B. Say the station’s call sign, then identify with your call sign
C. Say “CQ” three times, then the other station’s call sign
D. Wait for the station to call CQ, then answer

In amateur radio communication, an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station’s call sign is:

  • Say the station’s call sign, then identify with your call sign (B)

This is the standard practice to establish communication in a clear and concise manner on a repeater.


T2A05

How should you respond to a station calling CQ?

A. Transmit “CQ” followed by the other station’s call sign
B. Transmit your call sign followed by the other station’s call sign
C. Transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign
D. Transmit a signal report followed by your call sign

When responding to a station calling CQ, you should C. Transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign. This is the appropriate way to reply to a station calling CQ in amateur radio communication.


T2A06

Which of the following is required when making on-the-air test transmissions?

A. Identify the transmitting station
B. Conduct tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time
C. Notify the FCC of the transmissions
D. All these choices are correct

When making on-the-air test transmissions in amateur radio, the following is required:

  • A. Identify the transmitting station: It is essential to identify the transmitting station when making test transmissions.
  • Conducting tests only between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. local time is not a requirement.
  • Notifying the FCC of the transmissions is not a standard practice for routine test transmissions.

Therefore, the correct answer is A. Identify the transmitting station.


T2A07

What is meant by “repeater offset”?

A. The difference between a repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies
B. The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference
C. The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency
D. The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater

T2A07 (A)

What is meant by “repeater offset”?

A. The difference between a repeater’s transmit and receive frequencies

B. The repeater has a time delay to prevent interference

C. The repeater station identification is done on a separate frequency

D. The number of simultaneous transmit frequencies used by a repeater


T2A08

What is the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”?

A. Call on the quarter hour
B. Test transmission, no reply expected
C. Only the called station should transmit
D. Calling any station

When referring to the procedural signal “CQ” in amateur radio communication, it means:

  • D. Calling any station: The procedural signal “CQ” is used to call any station or all stations. It is a general call for any station to respond.

The other options do not accurately represent the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ”:

  • A. Call on the quarter hour: This is not the meaning of “CQ.”
  • B. Test transmission, no reply expected: This is not the correct interpretation of “CQ.”
  • C. Only the called station should transmit: This is not the meaning of the procedural signal “CQ.”

Therefore, the correct answer is D. Calling any station.


T2A09

Which of the following indicates that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact?

A. “CQ CQ” followed by the repeater’s call sign
B. The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”
C. The repeater call sign followed by the station’s call sign
D. “QSY” followed by your call sign

When a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact, the indication used is:

  • B. The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”: This is the common practice to indicate that a station is listening on a repeater and is looking for a contact. The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring” lets others know that the station is ready to receive calls.

The other options do not correctly indicate that a station is listening on a repeater and looking for a contact:

  • A. “CQ CQ” followed by the repeater’s call sign: This is more of a general call rather than indicating readiness to receive calls on a repeater.
  • C. The repeater call sign followed by the station’s call sign: This is not typically used to indicate that a station is listening on a repeater.
  • D. “QSY” followed by your call sign: This is a signal indicating a change in frequency rather than indicating readiness to make a contact on a repeater.

Therefore, the correct answer is B. The station’s call sign followed by the word “monitoring”.


T2A10

What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC?

A. A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band
B. A list of operating schedules
C. A list of available net frequencies
D. A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage

Band Plan specifies how radio spectrum is used in different amateur radio bands beyond the privileges established by the FCC. It is a guideline to ensure efficient and harmonious use of the frequencies.

  • A. A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band: The band plan is a voluntary guideline that amateur radio operators follow for using different modes or activities within an amateur band. It helps in organizing and coordinating operations to avoid interference and promote efficient use of the spectrum.

The other options are not accurate definitions of a band plan:

  • B. A list of operating schedules: Band plans do not typically include operating schedules.
  • C. A list of available net frequencies: Band plans are more comprehensive than just a list of net frequencies.
  • D. A plan devised by a club to indicate frequency band usage: Band plans are not limited to clubs and are generally followed by all operators in a region to regulate usage of the amateur radio bands.

Therefore, the correct answer is A. A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band.


T2A11

What term describes an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency?

A. Full duplex
B. Diplex
C. Simplex
D. Multiplex

An amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency is described as:

The other options do not describe an amateur station transmitting and receiving on the same frequency:

  • A. Full duplex: Refers to the simultaneous two-way communication where a station can transmit and receive at the same time on separate frequencies.
  • B. Diplex: Typically refers to combining two signals onto one transmission line or antenna.
  • D. Multiplex: Involves combining multiple signals for transmission over a single channel or medium, but it does not specifically refer to simultaneous transmit and receive on the same frequency in the context of amateur radio operation.

Therefore, the correct term is C. Simplex for an amateur station transmitting and receiving on the same frequency.


T2A12

What should you do before calling CQ?

A. Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency
B. Ask if the frequency is in use
C. Make sure you are authorized to use that frequency
D. All these choices are correct

Before calling CQ, you should:

  • D. All these choices are correct:
    • Listen first to be sure that no one else is using the frequency: It is essential to listen before transmitting to avoid causing interference and ensure you are not interrupting an ongoing conversation.
    • Ask if the frequency is in use: Verifying if the frequency is available helps in preventing conflicts and respecting ongoing communications.
    • Make sure you are authorized to use that frequency: Ensuring you are licensed to operate on the frequency you intend to use is crucial for compliance with regulations and good amateur radio practice.

Therefore, all the choices provided are correct before calling CQ.

SUBELEMENT T2 – OPERATING PROCEDURES – [3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] 36 Questions

T2B – VHF/UHF operating practices: FM repeater, simplex, reverse splits; Access tones: CTCSS, DTMF; DMR operation; Resolving operational problems; Q signal



T2B01

How is a VHF/UHF transceiver’s “reverse” function used?

A. To reduce power output
B. To increase power output
C. To listen on a repeater’s input frequency
D. To listen on a repeater’s output frequency

The “reverse” function on a VHF/UHF transceiver is used:

  • To listen on a repeater’s input frequency.

T2B02

What term describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver?

A. Carrier squelch
B. Tone burst
C. DTMF
D. CTCSS

The correct description of a linked repeater network is:

A. A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network

The correct answer is D.. The term that describes the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted along with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver is CTCSS (Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System).


T2B03

Which of the following describes a linked repeater network?

A. A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network
B. A single repeater with more than one receiver
C. Multiple repeaters with the same control operator
D. A system of repeaters linked by APRS

The correct description of a linked repeater network is:

A. A network of repeaters in which signals received by one repeater are transmitted by all the repeaters in the network


T2B04

Which of the following could be the reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear?

A. Improper transceiver offset
B. You are using the wrong CTCSS tone
C. You are using the wrong DCS code
D. All these choices are correct

The reason you are unable to access a repeater whose output you can hear could be:

D. All these choices are correct


T2B05

What would cause your FM transmission audio to be distorted on voice peaks?

A. Your repeater offset is inverted
B. You need to talk louder
C. You are talking too loudly
D. Your transmit power is too high

The cause of your FM transmission audio being distorted on voice peaks is:

C. You are talking too loudly


T2B06

What type of signaling uses pairs of audio tones?

A. DTMF
B. CTCSS
C. GPRS
D. D-STAR

The type of signaling that uses pairs of audio tones is:

A. DTMF (Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency)


T2B07

How can you join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup”?

A. Register your radio with the local FCC office
B. Join the repeater owner’s club
C. Program your radio with the group’s ID or code
D. Sign your call after the courtesy tone

To join a digital repeater’s “talkgroup,” you can:

C. Program your radio with the group’s ID or code


T2B08

Which of the following applies when two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other?

A. The stations should negotiate continued use of the frequency
B. Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflict
C. Interference is inevitable, so no action is required
D. Use subaudible tones so both stations can share the frequency

When two stations transmitting on the same frequency interfere with each other, the following applies:

B. Both stations should choose another frequency to avoid conflict


T2B09

Why are simplex channels designated in the VHF/UHF band plans?

A. So stations within range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater
B. For contest operation
C. For working DX only
D. So stations with simple transmitters can access the repeater without automated offset

Simplex channels are designated in the VHF/UHF band plans for the following reason:

A. So stations within range of each other can communicate without tying up a repeater


T2B10

Which Q signal indicates that you are receiving interference from other stations?

A. QRM
B. QRN
C. QTH
D. QSB

When you are receiving interference from other stations, the Q signal to indicate this is:

A. QRM


T2B11

Which Q signal indicates that you are changing frequency?

A. QRU
B. QSY
C. QSL
D. QRZ

When you are changing frequency, the Q signal to indicate this is:

B. QSY


T2B12

What is the purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems?

A. Must match the repeater color code for access
B. Defines the frequency pair to use
C. Identifies the codec used
D. Defines the minimum signal level required for access

The purpose of the color code used on DMR repeater systems is to:

  • A. Must match the repeater color code for access

T2B13

What is the purpose of a squelch function?

A. Reduce a CW transmitter’s key clicks
B. Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present
C. Eliminate parasitic oscillations in an RF amplifier
D. Reduce interference from impulse noise

The purpose of a squelch function is to:

  • B. Mute the receiver audio when a signal is not present
SUBELEMENT T2 – OPERATING PROCEDURES – [3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] 36 Questions

T2C – Public service: emergency operations, applicability of FCC rules, RACES and ARES, net and traffic procedures, operating restrictions during emergencies, use of phonetics in message handling


T2C01 [97.103(a)]
When do FCC rules NOT apply to the operation of an amateur station?

A. When operating a RACES station
B. When operating under special FEMA rules
C. When operating under special ARES rules
D. FCC rules always apply

The FCC rules do not apply to the operation of an amateur station when:



T2C02

Which of the following are typical duties of a Net Control Station?


A. Choose the regular net meeting time and frequency
B. Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency
C. Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in
D. All these choices are correct

The typical duties of a Net Control Station (NCS) include:

  • Choose the regular net meeting time and frequency
  • Ensure that all stations checking into the net are properly licensed for operation on the net frequency
  • Call the net to order and direct communications between stations checking in

Therefore, All these choices are correct (D) when it comes to the duties of a Net Control Station.



T2C03

What technique is used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly?


A. Send the words by voice and Morse code
B. Speak very loudly into the microphone
C. Spell the words using a standard phonetic alphabet
D. All these choices are correct

In amateur radio communication, the technique used to ensure that voice messages containing unusual words are received correctly is:

Using a phonetic alphabet helps to clarify and ensure accurate reception of words, especially those that may be unfamiliar or easily misunderstood.




T2C04


What is RACES?


A. An emergency organization combining amateur radio and citizens band operators and frequencies
B. An international radio experimentation society
C. A radio contest held in a short period, sometimes called a “sprint”
D. An FCC part 97 amateur radio service for civil defense communications during national emergencies

RACES stands for “Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service.” It is defined as:

RACES is an emergency communication service that utilizes amateur radio operators and frequencies to provide communication support during times of emergency or disaster.



T2C05

What does the term “traffic” refer to in net operation?


A. Messages exchanged by net stations
B. The number of stations checking in and out of a net
C. Operation by mobile or portable stations
D. Requests to activate the net by a served agency

In traffic handling, a characteristic of good practice includes:

  • Passing messages exactly as received (A)

Therefore, the correct choice is not D, as the other options are not characteristics of good traffic handling.




T2C06


What is the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES)?


A. A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service
B. A group of licensed amateurs who are members of the military and who voluntarily agreed to provide message handling services in the case of an emergency
C. A training program that provides licensing courses for those interested in obtaining an amateur license to use during emergencies
D. A training program that certifies amateur operators for membership in the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service

The Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES) is defined as:

  • A group of licensed amateurs who have voluntarily registered their qualifications and equipment for communications duty in the public service (A)

ARES is a volunteer group of licensed amateur radio operators who have registered their capabilities and equipment for emergency communication services in the public interest.



T2C07

Which of the following is standard practice when you participate in a net?


A. When first responding to the net control station, transmit your call sign, name, and address as in the FCC database
B. Record the time of each of your transmissions
C. Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station
D. All these choices are correct

Standard practices when participating in a net include:

  • Record the time of each of your transmissions (B)
  • Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station (C)

Therefore, the correct option is D. All these choices are correct as all the practices mentioned are standard when participating in a net.


T2C08

Which of the following is a characteristic of good traffic handling?


A. Passing messages exactly as received
B. Making decisions as to whether messages are worthy of relay or delivery
C. Ensuring that any newsworthy messages are relayed to the news media
D. All these choices are correct

In traffic handling, a characteristic of good practice includes:

  • Passing messages exactly as received (A)

Therefore, the correct choice is not D, as the other options are not characteristics of good traffic handling.


T2C09

Are amateur station control operators ever permitted to operate outside the frequency privileges of their license class?


A. No
B. Yes, but only when part of a FEMA emergency plan
C. Yes, but only when part of a RACES emergency plan
D. Yes, but only in situations involving the immediate safety of human life or protection of property

Standard practices when participating in a net include:

  • Record the time of each of your transmissions (B)
  • Unless you are reporting an emergency, transmit only when directed by the net control station (C)

Therefore, the correct option is D. All these choices are correct as all the practices mentioned are standard when participating in a net.


T2C10


What information is contained in the preamble of a formal traffic message?


A. The email address of the originating station
B. The address of the intended recipient
C. The telephone number of the addressee
D. Information needed to track the message

In the preamble of a formal traffic message, the following information is typically contained:

  • Information needed to track the message (D)

The preamble of a formal traffic message includes details that help in tracking and handling the message efficiently as it passes through the amateur radio traffic system.


T2C11


What is meant by “check” in a radiogram header?


A. The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message
B. The call sign of the originating station
C. A list of stations that have relayed the message
D. A box on the message form that indicates that the message was received and/or relayed

In a radiogram header, the term “check” refers to:

  • The number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message (A)

The “check” in a radiogram header indicates the count of words or word equivalents in the message’s text portion, helping to verify the completeness of the transmitted message.

SUBELEMENT T3 – RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION – [3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] 34 Questions

T3A – Radio wave characteristics: how a radio signal travels, fading, multipath, polarization, wavelength vs absorption; Antenna orientation


T3A01


Why do VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet?


A. The signal path encounters different concentrations of water vapor
B. VHF ionospheric propagation is very sensitive to path length
C. Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals
D. All these choices are correct

T3A01 asks why VHF signal strengths sometimes vary greatly when the antenna is moved only a few feet. The correct answer is:

C. Multipath propagation cancels or reinforces signals

When the antenna is moved even a few feet, the signal can encounter different paths due to reflections from buildings, trees, or the ground. These multiple signal paths can interfere with each other, causing variations in signal strength at different locations. This phenomenon is known as multipath propagation, where signals can cancel each other out or reinforce each other, leading to varying signal strengths.


T3A02


What is the effect of vegetation on UHF and microwave signals?


A. Knife-edge diffraction
B. Absorption
C. Amplification
D. Polarization rotation

In the context of UHF and microwave signals, the effect of vegetation is:

B. Absorption

Vegetation can absorb UHF and microwave signals, reducing the signal strength and potentially impacting the quality of communication in these frequency bands.


T3A03


What antenna polarization is normally used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands?


A. Right-hand circular
B. Left-hand circular
C. Horizontal
D. Vertical

T3A03 discusses the antenna polarization typically used for long-distance CW and SSB contacts on the VHF and UHF bands. The correct answer is:

D. Vertical

For long-distance CW (Continuous Wave) and SSB (Single Sideband) contacts on the VHF and UHF bands, vertical antenna polarization is commonly used. This orientation helps maximize signal propagation efficiency for these types of communications.



T3A04 (B)


What happens when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization?


A. The modulation sidebands might become inverted
B. Received signal strength is reduced
C. Signals have an echo effect
D. Nothing significant will happen

In question T3A04, when antennas at opposite ends of a VHF or UHF line of sight radio link are not using the same polarization, the correct answer is:

B. Received signal strength is reduced

Mismatched polarizations between transmitting and receiving antennas can lead to a reduction in received signal strength due to polarization losses, thereby affecting the quality and reliability of the communication link.



T3A05


When using a directional antenna, how might your station be able to communicate with a distant repeater if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path?


A. Change from vertical to horizontal polarization
B. Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater
C. Try the long path
D. Increase the antenna SWR

In question T3A05, if buildings or obstructions are blocking the direct line of sight path when using a directional antenna to communicate with a distant repeater, the following approach can be used:

B. Try to find a path that reflects signals to the repeater

By locating a path that allows signals to reflect off surfaces towards the repeater, you can establish communication even when the direct line of sight is obstructed by buildings or other obstacles. This technique helps overcome physical barriers that would otherwise block the signal transmission.



T3A06


What is the meaning of the term “picket fencing”?


A. Alternating transmissions during a net operation
B. Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation
C. A type of ground system used with vertical antennas
D. Local vs long-distance communications

In question T3A06, the term “picket fencing” refers to:

B. Rapid flutter on mobile signals due to multipath propagation

This phenomenon is commonly observed in mobile communications where signals experience rapid variations in strength caused by multipath reflections off surrounding objects, leading to a “picket fence” effect on the received signal.



T3A07


What weather condition might decrease range at microwave frequencies?


A. High winds
B. Low barometric pressure
C. Precipitation
D. Colder temperatures

In question T3A07, the weather condition that might decrease range at microwave frequencies is:

C. Precipitation

Precipitation, such as rain, snow, or sleet, can attenuate microwave signals and decrease their range due to absorption and scattering of the signal by water droplets in the atmosphere.


T3A08


What is a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere?


A. Frequency shift due to Faraday rotation
B. Interference from thunderstorms
C. Intermodulation distortion
D. Random combining of signals arriving via different paths

In question T3A08, a likely cause of irregular fading of signals propagated by the ionosphere is:

D. Random combining of signals arriving via different paths

Irregular fading of signals from the ionosphere can occur due to the random combining of signals arriving via different paths, leading to variations in signal strength and quality.


T3A09


Which of the following results from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized?


A. Digital modes are unusable
B. Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception
C. FM voice is unusable
D. Both the transmitting and receiving antennas must be of the same polarization

In question T3A09, the result from the fact that signals propagated by the ionosphere are elliptically polarized is:

B. Either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas may be used for transmission or reception

Signals propagated by the ionosphere being elliptically polarized allows for flexibility in using either vertically or horizontally polarized antennas for both transmission and reception.


T3A10

What effect does multi-path propagation have on data transmissions?


A. Transmission rates must be increased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed
B. Transmission rates must be decreased by a factor equal to the number of separate paths observed
C. No significant changes will occur if the signals are transmitted using FM
D. Error rates are likely to increase

In question T3A10, the effect multi-path propagation has on data transmissions is:

D. Error rates are likely to increase

Multi-path propagation can lead to the reception of multiple versions of the same signal at slightly different times, causing them to interfere with each other. This interference can result in errors in the received data, leading to an increase in error rates.



T3A11

Which region of the atmosphere can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves?


A. The stratosphere
B. The troposphere
C. The ionosphere
D. The mesosphere

In the context of radio wave propagation, the region of the atmosphere that can refract or bend HF and VHF radio waves is:

C. The ionosphere

The ionosphere is a region of the Earth‘s atmosphere that contains ionized particles and can refract or bend radio waves, allowing for long-distance communication via HF and VHF frequencies.



T3A12


What is the effect of fog and rain on signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands?


A. Absorption
B. There is little effect
C. Deflection
D. Range increase

In the context of how fog and rain affect signals in the 10 meter and 6 meter bands:

A. Absorption

Fog and rain can cause absorption of radio signals in these bands, leading to weaker signal strength and potentially affecting communication quality.

SUBELEMENT T3 – RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION – [3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] 34 Questions


T3B – Electromagnetic wave properties: wavelength vs frequency, nature and velocity of electromagnetic waves, relationship of wavelength and frequency; Electromagnetic spectrum definitions: UHF, VHF, HF


T3B01


What is the relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave?


A. They travel at different speeds
B. They are in parallel
C. They revolve in opposite directions
D. They are at right angles

T3B01

The relationship between the electric and magnetic fields of an electromagnetic wave is:

D. They are at right angles


T3B02


What property of a radio wave defines its polarization?


A. The orientation of the electric field
B. The orientation of the magnetic field
C. The ratio of the energy in the magnetic field to the energy in the electric field
D. The ratio of the velocity to the wavelength

T3B02

The property of a radio wave that defines its polarization is:

A. The orientation of the electric field


T3B03


What are the two components of a radio wave?


A. Impedance and reactance
B. Voltage and current
C. Electric and magnetic fields
D. Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation

T3B03

The two components of a radio wave are:

C. Electric and magnetic fields


T3B04


What is the velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space?


A. Speed of light
B. Speed of sound
C. Speed inversely proportional to its wavelength
D. Speed that increases as the frequency increases

T3B04

The velocity of a radio wave traveling through free space is:

A. Speed of light


T3B05


What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?


A. Wavelength gets longer as frequency increases
B. Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases
C. Wavelength and frequency are unrelated
D. Wavelength and frequency increase as path length increases

T3B05

The relationship between wavelength and frequency is:

B. Wavelength gets shorter as frequency increases


T3B06


What is the formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters?


A. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300
B. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz divided by 300
C. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in megahertz divided by 300
D. Wavelength in meters equals 300 divided by frequency in megahertz

T3B06

The formula for converting frequency to approximate wavelength in meters is:

A. Wavelength in meters equals frequency in hertz multiplied by 300


T3B07


In addition to frequency, which of the following is used to identify amateur radio bands?


A. The approximate wavelength in meters
B. Traditional letter/number designators
C. Channel numbers
D. All these choices are correct

T3B07

In addition to frequency, the following are used to identify amateur radio bands:

D. All these choices are correct

  • The approximate wavelength in meters
  • Traditional letter/number designators
  • Channel numbers

T3B08


What frequency range is referred to as VHF?


A. 30 kHz to 300 kHz
B. 30 MHz to 300 MHz
C. 300 kHz to 3000 kHz
D. 300 MHz to 3000 MHz

T3B08

The frequency range referred to as VHF is:

B. 30 MHz to 300 MHz


T3B09


What frequency range is referred to as UHF?


A. 30 to 300 kHz
B. 30 to 300 MHz
C. 300 to 3000 kHz
D. 300 to 3000 MHz

T3B09

The frequency range referred to as UHF is:

D. 300 to 3000 MHz


T3B10


What frequency range is referred to as HF?


A. 300 to 3000 MHz
B. 30 to 300 MHz

T3B10

The frequency range referred to as HF is:

B. 30 to 300 MHz


T3B11


What is the approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space?


A. 150,000 meters per second
B. 300,000,000 meters per second
C. 300,000,000 miles per hour
D. 150,000 miles per hour

T3B11

The approximate velocity of a radio wave in free space is:

B. 300,000,000 meters per second

SUBELEMENT T3 – RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION – [3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] 34 Questions


T3C – Propagation modes: sporadic E, meteor scatter, auroral propagation, tropospheric ducting; F region skip; Line of sight and radio horizon


T3C01


Why are simplex UHF signals rarely heard beyond their radio horizon?


A. They are too weak to go very far
B. FCC regulations prohibit them from going more than 50 miles
C. UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere
D. UHF signals are absorbed by the ionospheric D region

T3C01

Simplex UHF signals are rarely heard beyond their radio horizon because:

C. UHF signals are usually not propagated by the ionosphere


T3C02


What is a characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies?


A. HF antennas are generally smaller
B. HF accommodates wider bandwidth signals
C. Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF
D. There is less atmospheric interference (static) on HF

T3C02

A characteristic of HF communication compared with communications on VHF and higher frequencies is:

C. Long-distance ionospheric propagation is far more common on HF


T3C03


What is a characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter?


A. They are often received from 10,000 miles or more
B. They are distorted and signal strength varies considerably
C. They occur only during winter nighttime hours
D. They are generally strongest when your antenna is aimed west

T3C03

A characteristic of VHF signals received via auroral backscatter is:

B. They are distorted and signal strength varies considerably


T3C04


Which of the following types of propagation is most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon?


A. Backscatter
B. Sporadic E
C. D region absorption
D. Gray-line propagation

T3C04

The type of propagation most commonly associated with occasional strong signals on the 10, 6, and 2 meter bands from beyond the radio horizon is:

B. Sporadic E


T3C05


Which of the following effects may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations?


A. Knife-edge diffraction
B. Faraday rotation
C. Quantum tunneling
D. Doppler shift

T3C05

The effect that may allow radio signals to travel beyond obstructions between the transmitting and receiving stations is:

A. Knife-edge diffraction


T3C06


What type of propagation is responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis?


A. Tropospheric ducting
B. D region refraction
C. F2 region refraction
D. Faraday rotation

T3C06

The type of propagation responsible for allowing over-the-horizon VHF and UHF communications to ranges of approximately 300 miles on a regular basis is:

A. Tropospheric ducting


T3C07


What band is best suited for communicating via meteor scatter?


A. 33 centimeters
B. 6 meters
C. 2 meters
D. 70 centimeters

T3C07

The band best suited for communicating via meteor scatter is:

C. 2 meters


T3C08


What causes tropospheric ducting?


A. Discharges of lightning during electrical storms
B. Sunspots and solar flares
C. Updrafts from hurricanes and tornadoes
D. Temperature inversions in the atmosphere

T3C08

Tropospheric ducting is caused by:

D. Temperature inversions in the atmosphere


T3C09


What is generally the best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region?


A. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity
B. From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of high sunspot activity
C. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of low sunspot activity
D. From shortly after sunset to dawn during periods of low sunspot activity

T3C09

The best time for long-distance 10 meter band propagation via the F region is generally:

A. From dawn to shortly after sunset during periods of high sunspot activity


T3C10


Which of the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region during the peak of the sunspot cycle?


A. 6 and 10 meters
B. 23 centimeters
C. 70 centimeters and 1.25 meters
D. All these choices are correct

T3C10

During the peak of the sunspot cycle, the following bands may provide long-distance communications via the ionosphere’s F region:

A. 6 and 10 meters


T3C11
Why is the radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals more distant than the visual horizon?
A. Radio signals move somewhat faster than the speed of light
B. Radio waves are not blocked by dust particles
C. The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly
D. Radio waves are blocked by dust particles

T3C11

The radio horizon for VHF and UHF signals is more distant than the visual horizon because:

C. The atmosphere refracts radio waves slightly

SUBELEMENT T4 – AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES – [2 Exam Questions – 2 Groups]

T4A – Station setup: connecting a microphone, a power source, a computer, digital equipment, an SWR meter; bonding; Mobile radio installation


T4A01

Which of the following is an appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver?
A. 24.0 volts at 4 amperes
B. 13.8 volts at 4 amperes
C. 24.0 volts at 12 amperes
D. 13.8 volts at 12 amperes

T4A01

An appropriate power supply rating for a typical 50 watt output mobile FM transceiver is:

D. 13.8 volts at 12 amperes
Power = Current x Voltage (P = I x E) =
13.8 v x 4a = 55.2 watts (power supply is too small)
13.8v x 12a = 165.6 watts


T4A02


Which of the following should be considered when selecting an accessory SWR meter?
A. The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made
B. The distance that the meter will be located from the antenna
C. The types of modulation being used at the station
D. All these choices are correct

T4A02

When selecting an accessory SWR meter, you should consider:

A. The frequency and power level at which the measurements will be made


T4A03


Why are short, heavy-gauge wires used for a transceiver’s DC power connection?
A. To minimize voltage drop when transmitting
B. To provide a good counterpoise for the antenna
C. To avoid RF interference
D. All these choices are correct

T4A03

Short, heavy-gauge wires are used for a transceiver’s DC power connection for the following reasons:

A. To minimize voltage drop when transmitting


T4A04


How are the transceiver audio input and output connected in a station configured to operate using FT8?
A. To a computer running a terminal program and connected to a terminal node controller unit
B. To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software
C. To an FT8 conversion unit, a keyboard, and a computer monitor
D. To a computer connected to the FT8converter.com website

T4A04

In a station configured to operate using FT8:

B. To the audio input and output of a computer running WSJT-X software


T4A05


Where should an RF power meter be installed?
A. In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna
B. At the power supply output
C. In parallel with the push-to-talk line and the antenna
D. In the power supply cable, as close as possible to the radio

T4A05

An RF power meter should be installed:

A. In the feed line, between the transmitter and antenna


T4A06


What signals are used in a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation?
A. Receive and transmit mode, status, and location
B. Antenna and RF power
C. Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying
D. NMEA GPS location and DC power

T4A06

In a computer-radio interface for digital mode operation, the signals used are:

C. Receive audio, transmit audio, and transmitter keying


T4A07


Which of the following connections is made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes?
A. Computer “line out” to transceiver push-to-talk
B. Computer “line in” to transceiver push-to-talk
C. Computer “line in” to transceiver speaker connector
D. Computer “line out” to transceiver speaker connector

T4A07

The connection made between a computer and a transceiver to use computer software when operating digital modes is:

B. Computer “line in” to transceiver push-to-talk


T4A08


Which of the following conductors is preferred for bonding at RF?
A. Copper braid removed from coaxial cable
B. Steel wire
C. Twisted-pair cable
D. Flat copper strap

T4A08

The preferred conductor for bonding at RF is:

D. Flat copper strap


T4A09


How can you determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery?
A. Divide the watt-hour rating of the battery by the peak power consumption of the equipment
B. Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment
C. Multiply the watts per hour consumed by the equipment by the battery power rating
D. Multiply the square of the current rating of the battery by the input resistance of the equipment

T4A09

To determine the length of time that equipment can be powered from a battery, you should:

B. Divide the battery ampere-hour rating by the average current draw of the equipment


T4A10


What function is performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hot spot?
A. Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet
B. FT8 digital communications via AFSK
C. RTTY encoding and decoding without a computer
D. High-speed digital communications for meteor scatter

T4A10

The function performed with a transceiver and a digital mode hotspot is:

A. Communication using digital voice or data systems via the internet


T4A11


Where should the negative power return of a mobile transceiver be connected in a vehicle?
A. At the 12 volt battery chassis ground
B. At the antenna mount
C. To any metal part of the vehicle
D. Through the transceiver’s mounting bracket

T4A11

The negative power return of a mobile transceiver in a vehicle should be connected:

A. At the 12 volt battery chassis ground


T4A12


What is an electronic keyer?
A. A device for switching antennas from transmit to receive
B. A device for voice activated switching from receive to transmit
C. A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code
D. An interlock to prevent unauthorized use of a radio

T4A12

An electronic keyer is:

C. A device that assists in manual sending of Morse code

SUBELEMENT T4 – AMATEUR RADIO PRACTICES – [2 Exam Questions – 2 Groups]


T4B – Operating controls: frequency tuning, use of filters, squelch function, AGC, memory channels, noise blanker, microphone gain, receiver incremental tuning (RIT), bandwidth selection, digital transceiver configuration


T4B01


What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?
A. Frequency instability
B. Distorted transmitted audio
C. Increased SWR
D. All these choices are correct

T4B01

The effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions is:

B. Distorted transmitted audio


T4B01


What is the effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions?
A. Frequency instability
B. Distorted transmitted audio
C. Increased SWR
D. All these choices are correct

T4B01

The effect of excessive microphone gain on SSB transmissions is:

B. Distorted transmitted audio


T4B02


Which of the following can be used to enter a transceiver’s operating frequency?
A. The keypad or VFO knob
B. The CTCSS or DTMF encoder
C. The Automatic Frequency Control
D. All these choices are correct

T4B02

To enter a transceiver’s operating frequency, you can use:

A. The keypad or VFO knob


T4B03


How is squelch adjusted so that a weak FM signal can be heard?
A. Set the squelch threshold so that receiver output audio is on all the time
B. Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold
C. Turn on the anti-squelch function
D. Enable squelch enhancement

T4B03

To adjust squelch so that a weak FM signal can be heard:

B. Turn up the audio level until it overcomes the squelch threshold


T4B04


What is a way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver?
A. Enable the frequency offset
B. Store it in a memory channel
C. Enable the VOX
D. Use the scan mode to select the desired frequency

T4B04

A way to enable quick access to a favorite frequency or channel on your transceiver is:

B. Store it in a memory channel


T4B05


What does the scanning function of an FM transceiver do?
A. Checks incoming signal deviation
B. Prevents interference to nearby repeaters
C. Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity
D. Checks for messages left on a digital bulletin board

T4B05

The scanning function of an FM transceiver does:

C. Tunes through a range of frequencies to check for activity


T4B06


Which of the following controls could be used if the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low?
A. The AGC or limiter
B. The bandwidth selection
C. The tone squelch
D. The RIT or Clarifier

T4B06

If the voice pitch of a single-sideband signal returning to your CQ call seems too high or low, you could use:

D. The RIT or Clarifier


T4B07


What does a DMR “code plug” contain?
A. Your call sign in CW for automatic identification
B. Access information for repeaters and talkgroups
C. The codec for digitizing audio
D. The DMR software version

T4B07

A DMR “code plug” contains:

B. Access information for repeaters and talkgroups


T4B08


What is the advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver?
A. Permits monitoring several modes at once by selecting a separate filter for each mode
B. Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode
C. Increases the number of frequencies that can be stored in memory
D. Increases the amount of offset between receive and transmit frequencies

T4B08

The advantage of having multiple receive bandwidth choices on a multimode transceiver is:

B. Permits noise or interference reduction by selecting a bandwidth matching the mode


T4B09


How is a specific group of stations selected on a digital voice transceiver?
A. By retrieving the frequencies from transceiver memory
B. By enabling the group’s CTCSS tone
C. By entering the group’s identification code
D. By activating automatic identification

T4B09

A specific group of stations is selected on a digital voice transceiver by:

C. By entering the group’s identification code


T4B10


Which of the following receiver filter bandwidths provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception?
A. 500 Hz
B. 1000 Hz
C. 2400 Hz
D. 5000 Hz

T4B10

The receiver filter bandwidth that provides the best signal-to-noise ratio for SSB reception is:

A. 500 Hz


T4B11


Which of the following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting?
A. Your call sign
B. Your output power
C. The codec type being used
D. All these choices are correct

T4B11

The following must be programmed into a D-STAR digital transceiver before transmitting:

D. All these choices are correct

  • Your call sign
  • Your output power
  • The codec type being used


T4B12 (D)
What is the result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal’s frequency?
A. Change in audio pitch
B. Sideband inversion
C. Generation of a heterodyne tone
D. Distortion of the signal’s audio

T4B12

The result of tuning an FM receiver above or below a signal’s frequency is:

D. Distortion of the signal’s audio

SUBELEMENT T5 – ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES – [4 Exam Questions – 4 Groups]

T5A – Current and voltage: terminology and units, conductors and insulators, alternating and direct current


T5A01


Electrical current is measured in which of the following units?
A. Volts
B. Watts
C. Ohms
D. Amperes

T5A01

Electrical current is measured in the following unit:

D. Amperes


T5A02


Electrical power is measured in which of the following units?
A. Volts
B. Watts
C. Watt-hours
D. Amperes

T5A02

Electrical power is measured in the following unit:

B. Watts


T5A03


What is the name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit?
A. Voltage
B. Resistance
C. Capacitance
D. Current

T5A03

The name for the flow of electrons in an electric circuit is:

D. Current


T5A04


What are the units of electrical resistance?
A. Siemens
B. Mhos
C. Ohms
D. Coulombs

T5A04

The units of electrical resistance are:

C. Ohms


T5A05


What is the electrical term for the force that causes electron flow?
A. Voltage
B. Ampere-hours
C. Capacitance
D. Inductance

T5A05

The electrical term for the force that causes electron flow is:

A. Voltage


T5A06


What is the unit of frequency?
A. Hertz
B. Henry
C. Farad
D. Tesla

T5A06

The unit of frequency is:

A. Hertz


T5A07


Why are metals generally good conductors of electricity?
A. They have relatively high density
B. They have many free electrons
C. They have many free protons
D. All these choices are correct

T5A07

Metals are generally good conductors of electricity because:

  • B. They have many free electrons

T5A08


Which of the following is a good electrical insulator?
A. Copper
B. Glass
C. Aluminum
D. Mercury

T5A08

A good electrical insulator among the options provided is:


T5A09


Which of the following describes alternating current?
A. Current that alternates between a positive direction and zero
B. Current that alternates between a negative direction and zero
C. Current that alternates between positive and negative directions
D. All these answers are correct

T5A09

The following option describes alternating current:

  • C. Current that alternates between positive and negative directions

T5A10


Which term describes the rate at which electrical energy is used?
A. Resistance
B. Current
C. Power
D. Voltage

T5A10

The term that describes the rate at which electrical energy is used is:

  • C. Power

T5A11


What type of current flow is opposed by resistance?
A. Direct current
B. Alternating current
C. RF current
D. All these choices are correct

T5A11

The type of current flow that is opposed by resistance is:

  • A. Direct current

T5A12


What describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle?
A. Pulse rate
B. Speed
C. Wavelength
D. Frequency

T5A12

The term that describes the number of times per second that an alternating current makes a complete cycle is:

SUBELEMENT T5 – ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES – [4 Exam Questions – 4 Groups]

T5B – Math for electronics: conversion of electrical units, decibels


T5B01


How many milliamperes is 1.5 amperes?
A. 15 milliamperes
B. 150 milliamperes
C. 1500 milliamperes
D. 15,000 milliamperes

To convert 1.5 amperes to milliamperes, you need to multiply by 1000 because 1 ampere is equal to 1000 milliamperes.

Therefore, 1.5 amperes is equal to 1500 milliamperes.

So, the correct answer is: C. 1500 milliamperes.



T5B02


Which is equal to 1,500,000 hertz?
A. 1500 kHz
B. 1500 MHz
C. 15 GHz
D. 150 kHz

To convert 1,500,000 hertz to different units:

  • 1,500,000 hertz is equal to 1500 kHz (kiloHertz) because 1 kHz is 1000 Hz.
  • 1,500,000 hertz is equal to 1.5 MHz (megaHertz) because 1 MHz is 1,000,000 Hz.
  • 1,500,000 hertz is not equivalent to 15 GHz or 150 kHz.

Therefore, the correct answer is: A. 1500 kHz and B. 1.5 MHz.



T5B03


Which is equal to one kilovolt?
A. One one-thousandth of a volt
B. One hundred volts
C. One thousand volts
D. One million volts

To convert one kilovolt to volts:

  • One kilovolt is equal to 1000 volts because “kilo” represents a factor of 1000.

Therefore, the correct answer is: C. One thousand volts.




T5B04


Which is equal to one microvolt?
A. One one-millionth of a volt
B. One million volts
C. One thousand kilovolts
D. One one-thousandth of a volt

To convert one microvolt to volts:

  • One microvolt is equal to one one-millionth of a volt because “micro” represents a factor of one millionth.

Therefore, the correct answer is: A. One one-millionth of a volt.



T5B05


Which is equal to 500 milliwatts?
A. 0.02 watts
B. 0.5 watts
C. 5 watts
D. 50 watts

To convert 500 milliwatts to watts:

Therefore, the correct answer is: B. 0.5 watts.




T5B06


Which is equal to 3000 milliamperes?
A. 0.003 amperes
B. 0.3 amperes
C. 3,000,000 amperes
D. 3 amperes

To find out which value is equal to 3000 milliamperes, we need to convert milliamperes to amperes.

  • 1 ampere (A) = 1000 milliamperes (mA)

Therefore, to convert 3000 milliamperes to amperes, we divide by 1000:

  • 3000 milliamperes / 1000 = 3 amperes

So, the correct answer is:D. 3 amperes



T5B07


Which is equal to 3.525 MHz?
A. 0.003525 kHz
B. 35.25 kHz
C. 3525 kHz
D. 3,525,000 kHz

To convert 3.525 MHz to kilohertz (kHz), we need to consider that:

  • 1 MHz (Megahertz) = 1000 kHz (Kilohertz)

Therefore, to convert 3.525 MHz to kHz, we multiply by 1000:

  • 3.525 MHz * 1000 = 3525 kHz

So, the correct answer is:C. 3525 kHz



T5B08


Which is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads?
A. 0.001 microfarads
B. 1 microfarad
C. 1000 microfarads
D. 1,000,000,000 microfarads

To determine which value is equal to 1,000,000 picofarads, we need to convert picofarads to microfarads.

Therefore, to convert 1,000,000 picofarads to microfarads, we divide by 1,000,000:

So, the correct answer is:

B. 1 microfarad


T5B09


Which decibel value most closely represents a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts?
A. 2 dB
B. 3 dB
C. 5 dB
D. 10 dB


To calculate the decibel (dB) value representing a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts, we use the formula:

  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(P2/P1)

Given:

Plugging in the values:

  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(10/5)
  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(2)
  • Gain in dB = 10 * 0.3010
  • Gain in dB ≈ 3.01 dB

Rounded to the nearest whole number, the closest value is: B. 3 dB



T5B10


Which decibel value most closely represents a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts?
A. -1 dB
B. -3 dB
C. -6 dB
D. -9 dB

To calculate the decibel (dB) value representing a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts, we use the formula:

  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(P2/P1)

Given:

Plugging in the values:

  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(3/12)
  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(0.25)
  • Gain in dB = 10 * (-0.6021)
  • Gain in dB ≈ -6.021 dB

Rounded to the nearest whole number, the closest value is: C. -6 dB



T5B11


Which decibel value represents a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts?
A. 10 dB
B. 12 dB
C. 18 dB
D. 28 dB

To calculate the decibel (dB) value representing a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts, we use the formula:

  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(P2/P1)

Given:

  • P1 = 20 watts
  • P2 = 200 watts

Plugging in the values:

  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(200/20)
  • Gain in dB = 10 * log10(10)
  • Gain in dB = 10 * 1
  • Gain in dB = 10 dB

Therefore, the decibel value representing a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts is 10 dB.



T5B12


Which is equal to 28400 kHz?
A. 28.400 kHz
B. 2.800 MHz
C. 284.00 MHz
D. 28.400 MHz

To convert 28400 kHz to an equivalent value in different units:

  • 28400 kHz is equivalent to:
    • A. 28.400 MHz (since 1 MHz = 1000 kHz)

Therefore, 28400 kHz is equal to 28.400 MHz.



T5B13


Which is equal to 2425 MHz?
A. 0.002425 GHz
B. 24.25 GHz
C. 2.425 GHz
D. 2425 GHz

To convert 2425 MHz to an equivalent value in different units:

  • 2425 MHz is equivalent to:
    • C. 2.425 GHz (since 1 GHz = 1000 MHz)

Therefore, 2425 MHz is equal to 2.425 GHz.

SUBELEMENT T5 – ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES – [4 Exam Questions – 4 Groups]

T5C – Capacitance and inductance terminology and units; Radio frequency definition and units; Impedance definition and units; Calculating power

SUBELEMENT T5 – ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES – [4 Exam Questions – 4 Groups]

T5C – Capacitance and inductance terminology and units; Radio frequency definition and units; Impedance definition and units; Calculating power


T5C01


What describes the ability to store energy in an electric field?
A. Inductance
B. Resistance
C. Tolerance
D. Capacitance

The ability to store energy in an electric field is described by D. Capacitance.


T5C02


What is the unit of capacitance?
A. The farad
B. The ohm
C. The volt
D. The henry

The unit of capacitance is A. The farad.


T5C03


What describes the ability to store energy in a magnetic field?
A. Admittance
B. Capacitance
C. Resistance
D. Inductance

The ability to store energy in a magnetic field is described by D. Inductance.


T5C04


What is the unit of inductance?
A. The coulomb
B. The farad
C. The henry
D. The ohm

The unit of inductance is C. The henry.


T5C05


What is the unit of impedance?
A. The volt
B. The ampere
C. The coulomb
D. The ohm

The unit of impedance is D. The ohm.


T5C06


What does the abbreviation “RF” mean?

A. Radio frequency signals of all types
B. The resonant frequency of a tuned circuit
C. The real frequency transmitted as opposed to the apparent frequency
D. Reflective force in antenna transmission lines

The abbreviation “RF” means A. Radio frequency signals of all types.


T5C07


What is the abbreviation for megahertz?

A. MH
B. mh
C. Mhz
D. MHz

The abbreviation for megahertz is D. MHz.


T5C08


What is the formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit?
A. P = I x E
B. P = E / I
C. P = E – I
D. P = I + E

The formula used to calculate electrical power (P) in a DC circuit is B. P = E / I.


T5C09


How much power is delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes?

A. 138 watts
B. 0.7 watts
C. 23.8 watts
D. 3.8 watts

To calculate the power (P) delivered by a voltage of 13.8 volts DC and a current of 10 amperes, you can use the formula:

(P=E×I)

Substitute the values:

P=13.8 volts×10 amperes=138watts

Therefore, the power delivered is A. 138 watts.


T5C10


How much power is delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes?


A. 4.8 watts
B. 30 watts
C. 14.5 watts
D. 0.208 watts

To calculate the power (P) delivered by a voltage of 12 volts DC and a current of 2.5 amperes, you can use the formula:

P=V×I

Substitute the given values:

P=12 volts × 2.5 amperes = 30 watts

Therefore, the power delivered is B. 30 watts.


T5C11


How much current is required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC?


A. 0.1 amperes
B. 10 amperes
C. 12 amperes
D. 132 amperes

To calculate the current (I) required to deliver 120 watts at a voltage of 12 volts DC, you can use the formula:

P = I x E Therefore P/E=I

Given:

  • Power (P) = 120 watts
  • Voltage (V) = 12 volts

    120watts / 12 volts volts = 10 amperes

T5C12


What is impedance?
A. The opposition to AC current flow
B. The inverse of resistance
C. The Q or Quality Factor of a component
D. The power handling capability of a component

In electronics, impedance refers to:

  • A. The opposition to AC current flow: Impedance is the total opposition that a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current.

T5C13


What is the abbreviation for kilohertz?


A. KHZ
B. khz
C. khZ
D. kHz

The abbreviation for kilohertz is:

D. kHz (lowercase ‘k’ and uppercase ‘Hz’)

SUBELEMENT T5 – ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES – [4 Exam Questions – 4 Groups]

T5D – Ohm’s Law; Series and parallel circuitsT5C – Capacitance and inductance terminology and units; Radio frequency definition and unit

SUBELEMENT T6 – ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS – [4 Exam Questions – 4 Groups]

T6A – Fixed and variable resistors; Capacitors; Inductors; Fuses; Switches; Batteries